使用 SDK 管理遥测数据

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.OpenTelemetrySdk;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;

public class OpenTelemetrySdkConfig {
  public static OpenTelemetrySdk create() {
    Resource resource = ResourceConfig.create();
    return OpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
        .setTracerProvider(SdkTracerProviderConfig.create(resource))
        .setMeterProvider(SdkMeterProviderConfig.create(resource))
        .setLoggerProvider(SdkLoggerProviderConfig.create(resource))
        .setPropagators(ContextPropagatorsConfig.create())
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;
import io.opentelemetry.semconv.ServiceAttributes;

public class ResourceConfig {
  public static Resource create() {
    return Resource.getDefault().toBuilder()
        .put(ServiceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME, "my-service")
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SdkTracerProvider;

public class SdkTracerProviderConfig {
  public static SdkTracerProvider create(Resource resource) {
    return SdkTracerProvider.builder()
        .setResource(resource)
        .addSpanProcessor(
            SpanProcessorConfig.batchSpanProcessor(
                SpanExporterConfig.otlpHttpSpanExporter("http://localhost:4318/v1/spans")))
        .setSampler(SamplerConfig.parentBasedSampler(SamplerConfig.traceIdRatioBased(.25)))
        .setSpanLimits(SpanLimitsConfig::spanLimits)
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.extension.trace.jaeger.sampler.JaegerRemoteSampler;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers.Sampler;
import java.time.Duration;

public class SamplerConfig {
  public static Sampler parentBasedSampler(Sampler root) {
    return Sampler.parentBasedBuilder(root)
        .setLocalParentNotSampled(Sampler.alwaysOff())
        .setLocalParentSampled(Sampler.alwaysOn())
        .setRemoteParentNotSampled(Sampler.alwaysOff())
        .setRemoteParentSampled(Sampler.alwaysOn())
        .build();
  }

  public static Sampler alwaysOn() {
    return Sampler.alwaysOn();
  }

  public static Sampler alwaysOff() {
    return Sampler.alwaysOff();
  }

  public static Sampler traceIdRatioBased(double ratio) {
    return Sampler.traceIdRatioBased(ratio);
  }

  public static Sampler jaegerRemoteSampler() {
    return JaegerRemoteSampler.builder()
        .setInitialSampler(Sampler.alwaysOn())
        .setEndpoint("http://endpoint")
        .setPollingInterval(Duration.ofSeconds(60))
        .setServiceName("my-service-name")
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.SpanKind;
import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.data.LinkData;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers.Sampler;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers.SamplingResult;
import java.util.List;

public class CustomSampler implements Sampler {
  @Override
  public SamplingResult shouldSample(
      Context parentContext,
      String traceId,
      String name,
      SpanKind spanKind,
      Attributes attributes,
      List<LinkData> parentLinks) {

    // 当 Span 启动时，任何 SpanProcessor 被调用之前触发的回调函数。
    // 如果采样决策为：
    // - DROP: Span 会被丢弃。此时会创建一个有效的 Span 上下文，且仍会调用 SpanProcessor#onStart 方法，
    // 但不会记录任何数据，也不会调用 SpanProcessor#onEnd 方法。
    // - RECORD_ONLY: Span 会被记录但不会被采样。数据会记录到 Span 中，
    // SpanProcessor#onStart 和 SpanProcessor#onEnd 方法都会被调用，
    // 但该 Span 的采样状态表明它不应被导出到进程外部。
    // - RECORD_AND_SAMPLE: Span 会被记录并采样。数据会记录到跨度中，
    // SpanProcessor#onStart 和 SpanProcessor#onEnd 方法都会被调用，
    // 且该 Span 的采样状态表明它应当被导出到进程外部。
    return SpanKind.SERVER == spanKind ? SamplingResult.recordAndSample() : SamplingResult.drop();
  }

  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
    // 返回这个采样器的描述信息。
    return this.getClass().getSimpleName();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SpanProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.BatchSpanProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SimpleSpanProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
import java.time.Duration;

public class SpanProcessorConfig {
  public static SpanProcessor batchSpanProcessor(SpanExporter spanExporter) {
    return BatchSpanProcessor.builder(spanExporter)
        .setMaxQueueSize(2048)
        .setExporterTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
        .setScheduleDelay(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
        .build();
  }

  public static SpanProcessor simpleSpanProcessor(SpanExporter spanExporter) {
    return SimpleSpanProcessor.builder(spanExporter).build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.ReadWriteSpan;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.ReadableSpan;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SpanProcessor;

public class CustomSpanProcessor implements SpanProcessor {

  @Override
  public void onStart(Context parentContext, ReadWriteSpan span) {
    // 当 Span 启动时触发的回调函数。
    // 为记录添加自定义属性以丰富其信息。
    span.setAttribute("my.custom.attribute", "hello world");
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isStartRequired() {
    // 指出是否应调用 onStart
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public void onEnd(ReadableSpan span) {
    // 当 Span 结束时调用的回调函数。
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isEndRequired() {
    // 指出是否应调用 onEnd。
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {
    // 可以选择关闭处理器（processor）并清理所有资源。
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode forceFlush() {
    // 可以选择处理所有已排队但尚未处理的记录。
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.exporter.logging.LoggingSpanExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.logging.otlp.OtlpJsonLoggingSpanExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.trace.OtlpHttpSpanExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.trace.OtlpGrpcSpanExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
import java.time.Duration;

public class SpanExporterConfig {
  public static SpanExporter otlpHttpSpanExporter(String endpoint) {
    return OtlpHttpSpanExporter.builder()
        .setEndpoint(endpoint)
        .addHeader("api-key", "value")
        .setTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .build();
  }

  public static SpanExporter otlpGrpcSpanExporter(String endpoint) {
    return OtlpGrpcSpanExporter.builder()
        .setEndpoint(endpoint)
        .addHeader("api-key", "value")
        .setTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .build();
  }

  public static SpanExporter logginSpanExporter() {
    return LoggingSpanExporter.create();
  }

  public static SpanExporter otlpJsonLoggingSpanExporter() {
    return OtlpJsonLoggingSpanExporter.create();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.data.SpanData;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class CustomSpanExporter implements SpanExporter {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CustomSpanExporter.class.getName());

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode export(Collection<SpanData> spans) {
    // 导出这些记录。通常情况下，记录会通过某种网络协议发送到进程外，但为了演示说明我们仅进行日志记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "Exporting spans");
    spans.forEach(span -> logger.log(Level.INFO, "Span: " + span));
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode flush() {
    // 导出所有已排队但尚未导出的记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "flushing");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {
    // 关闭导出器并清理所有资源。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "shutting down");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SpanLimits;

public class SpanLimitsConfig {
  public static SpanLimits spanLimits() {
    return SpanLimits.builder()
        .setMaxNumberOfAttributes(128)
        .setMaxAttributeValueLength(1024)
        .setMaxNumberOfLinks(128)
        .setMaxNumberOfAttributesPerLink(128)
        .setMaxNumberOfEvents(128)
        .setMaxNumberOfAttributesPerEvent(128)
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.SdkMeterProvider;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.SdkMeterProviderBuilder;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

public class SdkMeterProviderConfig {
  public static SdkMeterProvider create(Resource resource) {
    SdkMeterProviderBuilder builder =
        SdkMeterProvider.builder()
            .setResource(resource)
            .registerMetricReader(
                MetricReaderConfig.periodicMetricReader(
                    MetricExporterConfig.otlpHttpMetricExporter(
                        "http://localhost:4318/v1/metrics")));
    // 取消注释，即可选择性地注册带有基数限制的 MetricReader。
    // builder.registerMetricReader(
    //     MetricReaderConfig.periodicMetricReader(
    //         MetricExporterConfig.otlpHttpMetricExporter("http://localhost:4318/v1/metrics")),
    //     instrumentType -> 100);

    ViewConfig.dropMetricView(builder, "some.custom.metric");
    ViewConfig.histogramBucketBoundariesView(
        builder, "http.server.request.duration", List.of(1.0, 5.0, 10.0));
    ViewConfig.attributeFilterView(
        builder, "http.client.request.duration", Set.of("http.request.method"));
    ViewConfig.cardinalityLimitsView(builder, "http.server.active_requests", 100);
    return builder.build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.exporter.prometheus.PrometheusHttpServer;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.MetricExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.MetricReader;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.PeriodicMetricReader;
import java.time.Duration;

public class MetricReaderConfig {
  public static MetricReader periodicMetricReader(MetricExporter metricExporter) {
    return PeriodicMetricReader.builder(metricExporter).setInterval(Duration.ofSeconds(60)).build();
  }

  public static MetricReader prometheusMetricReader() {
    return PrometheusHttpServer.builder().setHost("localhost").setPort(9464).build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.export.MemoryMode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.Aggregation;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.InstrumentType;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.AggregationTemporality;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.AggregationTemporalitySelector;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.CollectionRegistration;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.MetricReader;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class CustomMetricReader implements MetricReader {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CustomMetricExporter.class.getName());

  private final ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
  private final AtomicReference<CollectionRegistration> collectionRef =
      new AtomicReference<>(CollectionRegistration.noop());

  @Override
  public void register(CollectionRegistration collectionRegistration) {
    // 当 SdkMeterProvider 初始化时会调用此回调函数，该回调提供一个用于收集指标数据的句柄。
    collectionRef.set(collectionRegistration);
    executorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(this::collectMetrics, 0, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  private void collectMetrics() {
    // 收集指标数据。通常，记录会通过某种网络协议发送到进程外，但为了演示说明我们仅进行日志记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "Collecting metrics");
    collectionRef
        .get()
        .collectAllMetrics()
        .forEach(metric -> logger.log(Level.INFO, "Metric: " + metric));
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode forceFlush() {
    // 导出所有已排队但尚未导出的记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "flushing");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {
    // 关闭导出器并清理所有资源。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "shutting down");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public AggregationTemporality getAggregationTemporality(InstrumentType instrumentType) {
    // 根据一个仪表类型的函数指定所需的聚合时间范围（temporality）。
    return AggregationTemporalitySelector.deltaPreferred()
        .getAggregationTemporality(instrumentType);
  }

  @Override
  public MemoryMode getMemoryMode() {
    // 可以选择指定内存模式，用于表明指标记录是否可以被重用或必须保持不可变。
    return MemoryMode.REUSABLE_DATA;
  }

  @Override
  public Aggregation getDefaultAggregation(InstrumentType instrumentType) {
    // 可以选择根据仪表类型指定默认的聚合方式。
    return Aggregation.defaultAggregation();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.exporter.logging.LoggingMetricExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.logging.otlp.OtlpJsonLoggingMetricExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.metrics.OtlpHttpMetricExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.metrics.OtlpGrpcMetricExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.MetricExporter;
import java.time.Duration;

public class MetricExporterConfig {
  public static MetricExporter otlpHttpMetricExporter(String endpoint) {
    return OtlpHttpMetricExporter.builder()
        .setEndpoint(endpoint)
        .addHeader("api-key", "value")
        .setTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .build();
  }

  public static MetricExporter otlpGrpcMetricExporter(String endpoint) {
    return OtlpGrpcMetricExporter.builder()
        .setEndpoint(endpoint)
        .addHeader("api-key", "value")
        .setTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .build();
  }

  public static MetricExporter logginMetricExporter() {
    return LoggingMetricExporter.create();
  }

  public static MetricExporter otlpJsonLoggingMetricExporter() {
    return OtlpJsonLoggingMetricExporter.create();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.export.MemoryMode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.Aggregation;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.InstrumentType;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.AggregationTemporality;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.data.MetricData;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.AggregationTemporalitySelector;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.MetricExporter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class CustomMetricExporter implements MetricExporter {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CustomMetricExporter.class.getName());

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode export(Collection<MetricData> metrics) {
    // 导出指标记录。通常，记录通过某种网络协议发送到进程外，但为了演示说明我们仅进行日志记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "Exporting metrics");
    metrics.forEach(metric -> logger.log(Level.INFO, "Metric: " + metric));
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode flush() {
    // 导出任何已排队但未导出的记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "flushing");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {
    // 关闭导出器并清理任何资源。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "shutting down");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public AggregationTemporality getAggregationTemporality(InstrumentType instrumentType) {
    // 为仪表类型指定所需的聚合时间范围（temporality）。
    return AggregationTemporalitySelector.deltaPreferred()
        .getAggregationTemporality(instrumentType);
  }

  @Override
  public MemoryMode getMemoryMode() {
    // 可以选择指定内存模式，指示指标记录是否可以重用或必须是不可变的。
    return MemoryMode.REUSABLE_DATA;
  }

  @Override
  public Aggregation getDefaultAggregation(InstrumentType instrumentType) {
    // 可以选择根据仪表类型指定默认聚合方式。
    return Aggregation.defaultAggregation();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.Aggregation;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.InstrumentSelector;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.SdkMeterProviderBuilder;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.View;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

public class ViewConfig {
  public static SdkMeterProviderBuilder dropMetricView(
      SdkMeterProviderBuilder builder, String metricName) {
    return builder.registerView(
        InstrumentSelector.builder().setName(metricName).build(),
        View.builder().setAggregation(Aggregation.drop()).build());
  }

  public static SdkMeterProviderBuilder histogramBucketBoundariesView(
      SdkMeterProviderBuilder builder, String metricName, List<Double> bucketBoundaries) {
    return builder.registerView(
        InstrumentSelector.builder().setName(metricName).build(),
        View.builder()
            .setAggregation(Aggregation.explicitBucketHistogram(bucketBoundaries))
            .build());
  }

  public static SdkMeterProviderBuilder attributeFilterView(
      SdkMeterProviderBuilder builder, String metricName, Set<String> keysToRetain) {
    return builder.registerView(
        InstrumentSelector.builder().setName(metricName).build(),
        View.builder().setAttributeFilter(keysToRetain).build());
  }

  public static SdkMeterProviderBuilder cardinalityLimitsView(
      SdkMeterProviderBuilder builder, String metricName, int cardinalityLimit) {
    return builder.registerView(
        InstrumentSelector.builder().setName(metricName).build(),
        View.builder().setCardinalityLimit(cardinalityLimit).build());
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.SdkLoggerProvider;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;

public class SdkLoggerProviderConfig {
  public static SdkLoggerProvider create(Resource resource) {
    return SdkLoggerProvider.builder()
        .setResource(resource)
        .addLogRecordProcessor(
            LogRecordProcessorConfig.batchLogRecordProcessor(
                LogRecordExporterConfig.otlpHttpLogRecordExporter("http://localhost:4318/v1/logs")))
        .setLogLimits(LogLimitsConfig::logLimits)
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.LogRecordProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export.BatchLogRecordProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export.LogRecordExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export.SimpleLogRecordProcessor;
import java.time.Duration;

public class LogRecordProcessorConfig {
  public static LogRecordProcessor batchLogRecordProcessor(LogRecordExporter logRecordExporter) {
    return BatchLogRecordProcessor.builder(logRecordExporter)
        .setMaxQueueSize(2048)
        .setExporterTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
        .setScheduleDelay(Duration.ofSeconds(1))
        .build();
  }

  public static LogRecordProcessor simpleLogRecordProcessor(LogRecordExporter logRecordExporter) {
    return SimpleLogRecordProcessor.create(logRecordExporter);
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.api.common.AttributeKey;
import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.LogRecordProcessor;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.ReadWriteLogRecord;

public class CustomLogRecordProcessor implements LogRecordProcessor {

  @Override
  public void onEmit(Context context, ReadWriteLogRecord logRecord) {
    // 当日志记录被输出时调用的回调函数。
    // 为记录添加自定义属性以丰富其信息。
    logRecord.setAttribute(AttributeKey.stringKey("my.custom.attribute"), "hello world");
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {
    // 可选地关闭处理器并清理任何资源。
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode forceFlush() {
    // 可选地处理所有已加入队列但尚未被处理的记录。
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.exporter.logging.SystemOutLogRecordExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.logging.otlp.OtlpJsonLoggingLogRecordExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.logs.OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.logs.OtlpGrpcLogRecordExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export.LogRecordExporter;
import java.time.Duration;

public class LogRecordExporterConfig {
  public static LogRecordExporter otlpHttpLogRecordExporter(String endpoint) {
    return OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter.builder()
        .setEndpoint(endpoint)
        .addHeader("api-key", "value")
        .setTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .build();
  }

  public static LogRecordExporter otlpGrpcLogRecordExporter(String endpoint) {
    return OtlpGrpcLogRecordExporter.builder()
        .setEndpoint(endpoint)
        .addHeader("api-key", "value")
        .setTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .build();
  }

  public static LogRecordExporter systemOutLogRecordExporter() {
    return SystemOutLogRecordExporter.create();
  }

  public static LogRecordExporter otlpJsonLoggingLogRecordExporter() {
    return OtlpJsonLoggingLogRecordExporter.create();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.CompletableResultCode;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.data.LogRecordData;
import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.export.LogRecordExporter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class CustomLogRecordExporter implements LogRecordExporter {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CustomLogRecordExporter.class.getName());

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode export(Collection<LogRecordData> logs) {
    // 导出日志记录。通常，记录通过某种网络协议发送到进程外，但为了演示说明我们仅进行日志记录。
    System.out.println("Exporting logs");
    logs.forEach(log -> System.out.println("log record: " + log));
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode flush() {
    // 导出任何已加入队列但尚未导出的记录。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "flushing");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }

  @Override
  public CompletableResultCode shutdown() {
    // 关闭导出器并清理任何资源。
    logger.log(Level.INFO, "shutting down");
    return CompletableResultCode.ofSuccess();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.LogLimits;

public class LogLimitsConfig {
  public static LogLimits logLimits() {
    return LogLimits.builder()
        .setMaxNumberOfAttributes(128)
        .setMaxAttributeValueLength(1024)
        .build();
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.api.baggage.propagation.W3CBaggagePropagator;
import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.propagation.W3CTraceContextPropagator;
import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.ContextPropagators;
import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapPropagator;

public class ContextPropagatorsConfig {
  public static ContextPropagators create() {
    return ContextPropagators.create(
        TextMapPropagator.composite(
            W3CTraceContextPropagator.getInstance(), W3CBaggagePropagator.getInstance()));
  }
}

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapGetter;
import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapPropagator;
import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapSetter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;

public class CustomTextMapPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {

  @Override
  public Collection<String> fields() {
    // 返回用于传播的字段。参考 W3CTraceContextPropagator 的实现示例。
    return Collections.emptyList();
  }

  @Override
  public <C> void inject(Context context, C carrier, TextMapSetter<C> setter) {
    // 注入上下文。参考 W3CTraceContextPropagator 的实现示例。
  }

  @Override
  public <C> Context extract(Context context, C carrier, TextMapGetter<C> getter) {
    // 提取上下文。参考 W3CTraceContextPropagator 的实现示例。
    return context;
  }
}

## 关闭所有 OpenTelemetry 日志
io.opentelemetry.level = OFF

## 仅关闭 BatchSpanProcessor 的日志
io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.BatchSpanProcessor.level = OFF

## 调试时记录 "FINE" 级别的消息
io.opentelemetry.level = FINE

## 配置默认 ConsoleHandler 的日志记录器级别
## 注意，这会影响 OpenTelemetry 之外的日志记录
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE

// 自定义过滤器，不记录导出器抛出的错误
public class IgnoreExportErrorsFilter implements java.util.logging.Filter {

 public boolean isLoggable(LogRecord record) {
    return !record.getMessage().contains("Exception thrown by the export");
 }
}

## 注册自定义过滤器到 BatchSpanProcessor
io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.BatchSpanProcessor = io.opentelemetry.extension.logging.IgnoreExportErrorsFilter

package otel;

import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.logs.OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.metrics.OtlpHttpMetricExporter;
import io.opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.http.trace.OtlpHttpSpanExporter;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class OtlpAuthenticationConfig {
  public static void staticAuthenticationHeader(String endpoint) {
    // 如果 OTLP 目标接受静态的、长期有效的认证头（如 API 密钥），将其设置为头部即可。
    // 这会从 OTLP_API_KEY 环境变量中读取 API key，以避免在源代码中硬编码密钥。
    String apiKeyHeaderName = "api-key";
    String apiKeyHeaderValue = System.getenv("OTLP_API_KEY");

    // 使用类似的模式初始化 OTLP Span、Metric 和 LogRecord 导出器（Exporter）
    OtlpHttpSpanExporter spanExporter =
        OtlpHttpSpanExporter.builder()
            .setEndpoint(endpoint)
            .addHeader(apiKeyHeaderName, apiKeyHeaderValue)
            .build();
    OtlpHttpMetricExporter metricExporter =
        OtlpHttpMetricExporter.builder()
            .setEndpoint(endpoint)
            .addHeader(apiKeyHeaderName, apiKeyHeaderValue)
            .build();
    OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter logRecordExporter =
        OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter.builder()
            .setEndpoint(endpoint)
            .addHeader(apiKeyHeaderName, apiKeyHeaderValue)
            .build();
  }

  public static void dynamicAuthenticationHeader(String endpoint) {
    // 如果 OTLP 目标需要动态认证头，例如需要定期刷新的 JWT，请使用头信息提供器（HeaderSupplier）。
    // 在此我们实现了一个简单的提供器（Supplier），它会添加格式为 “Authorization: Bearer <token>” 的头部，
    // 其中 <token> 每 10 分钟从 refreshBearerToken 获取一次。
    String username = System.getenv("OTLP_USERNAME");
    String password = System.getenv("OTLP_PASSWORD");
    Supplier<Map<String, String>> supplier =
        new AuthHeaderSupplier(() -> refreshToken(username, password), Duration.ofMinutes(10));

    // 使用类似的模式初始化 OTLP Span、Metric 和 LogRecord 导出器（Exporter）
    OtlpHttpSpanExporter spanExporter =
        OtlpHttpSpanExporter.builder().setEndpoint(endpoint).setHeaders(supplier).build();
    OtlpHttpMetricExporter metricExporter =
        OtlpHttpMetricExporter.builder().setEndpoint(endpoint).setHeaders(supplier).build();
    OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter logRecordExporter =
        OtlpHttpLogRecordExporter.builder().setEndpoint(endpoint).setHeaders(supplier).build();
  }

  private static class AuthHeaderSupplier implements Supplier<Map<String, String>> {
    private final Supplier<String> tokenRefresher;
    private final Duration tokenRefreshInterval;
    private Instant refreshedAt = Instant.ofEpochMilli(0);
    private String currentTokenValue;

    private AuthHeaderSupplier(Supplier<String> tokenRefresher, Duration tokenRefreshInterval) {
      this.tokenRefresher = tokenRefresher;
      this.tokenRefreshInterval = tokenRefreshInterval;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, String> get() {
      return Collections.singletonMap("Authorization", "Bearer " + getToken());
    }

    private synchronized String getToken() {
      Instant now = Instant.now();
      if (currentTokenValue == null || now.isAfter(refreshedAt.plus(tokenRefreshInterval))) {
        currentTokenValue = tokenRefresher.get();
        refreshedAt = now;
      }
      return currentTokenValue;
    }
  }

  private static String refreshToken(String username, String password) {
    // 在生产环境中，这部分会替换为通过带外请求用用户名、密码换取 Bearer 令牌的流程。
    return "abc123";
  }
}