# 采样

> 减少遥测数据量

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LLMS index: [llms.txt](/llms.txt)

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[采样](/docs/concepts/sampling/)是一个限制系统生成链路数量的过程。JavaScript SDK 提供了几种[头部采样器](/docs/concepts/sampling#head-sampling)。

## 默认行为 {#default-behavior}

默认情况下，所有 Span 都会被采样，因此 100% 的链路都会被采样。如果不需要管理数据量，就不需要设置采样器。

## TraceIDRatioBasedSampler {#traceidratiobasedsampler}

采样时，最常用的头部采样器是 TraceIDRatioBasedSampler。它会确定性地根据你传入的百分比参数对追踪链路进行采样。

### 环境变量 {#environment-variables}

你可以使用环境变量配置 TraceIDRatioBasedSampler：

```shell
export OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER="traceidratio"
export OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG="0.1"
```

这会告诉 SDK 对 Span 进行采样，仅生成 10% 的链路。

### Node.js {#node-js}

你也可以在代码中配置 TraceIDRatioBasedSampler。这是一个 Node.js 示例：

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<div class="tab-content" id="tabs-0-content">
    <div class="tab-body tab-pane fade show active"
        id="tabs-00-00" role="tabpanel" aria-labelled-by="tabs-00-00-tab" tabindex="0">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-ts" data-lang="ts"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">import</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="kr">from</span> <span class="s1">&#39;@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">samplePercentage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">sdk</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">NodeSDK</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// 其他 SDK 配置参数放在这里
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">sampler</span>: <span class="kt">new</span> <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">samplePercentage</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
    <div class="tab-body tab-pane fade"
        id="tabs-00-01" role="tabpanel" aria-labelled-by="tabs-00-01-tab" tabindex="0">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">samplePercentage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">sdk</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">NodeSDK</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="c1">// 其他 SDK 配置参数放在这里
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">sampler</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">samplePercentage</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>


### 浏览器 {#browser}

你也可以在代码中配置 TraceIDRatioBasedSampler。这是一个浏览器应用示例：

   <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1" role="tablist">
  <li class="nav-item">
      <button class="nav-link active"
          id="tabs-01-00-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-01-00" role="tab"
          data-td-tp-persist="typescript" aria-controls="tabs-01-00" aria-selected="true">
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    </li><li class="nav-item">
      <button class="nav-link"
          id="tabs-01-01-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-01-01" role="tab"
          data-td-tp-persist="javascript" aria-controls="tabs-01-01" aria-selected="false">
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      </button>
    </li>
</ul>

<div class="tab-content" id="tabs-1-content">
    <div class="tab-body tab-pane fade show active"
        id="tabs-01-00" role="tabpanel" aria-labelled-by="tabs-01-00-tab" tabindex="1">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-ts" data-lang="ts"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">import</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">WebTracerProvider</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="kr">from</span> <span class="s1">&#39;@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">samplePercentage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">provider</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">WebTracerProvider</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">sampler</span>: <span class="kt">new</span> <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">samplePercentage</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
    <div class="tab-body tab-pane fade"
        id="tabs-01-01" role="tabpanel" aria-labelled-by="tabs-01-01-tab" tabindex="1">
        <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">WebTracerProvider</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">samplePercentage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">provider</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">WebTracerProvider</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  <span class="nx">sampler</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">TraceIdRatioBasedSampler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">samplePercentage</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
    </div>
</div>
